Oil Drilling Solid Control Equipment and Solid Control Systems

　　Mud linear screen: used as a drilling fluid treatment stage Oil Drilling Solid Control Equipment Its function is to remove harmful solid particles such as coal and rock from the drilling fluid. The drilling fluid employs screens of varying mesh counts to separate particles by size, typically targeting solids larger than 74 microns.

　　Hydrocyclone separator (desander, desilter): The desander is a secondary oil–gas purification unit for drilling fluid and is typically used to remove sand particles larger than 44–74 μm. The desilter is primarily employed for tertiary purification of drilling fluid and is designed to separate muddy solid particles larger than 15–44 μm. Alternatively, small hydrocyclones may be used depending on the specific conditions of the drilling fluid, with the main application being the separation of muddy solid particles larger than 2–4 μm.

　　Desander

　　Drilling fluid centrifugal dewatering unit: Its function is to separate clay particles from the drilling fluid, control the solids content of the drilling fluid, reduce the solid-phase content that would otherwise increase, and recover and reuse barite powder in the drilling fluid. The drilling fluid centrifugal dewatering unit is primarily used for solid particles in the 2–4 μm size range.

　　Vacuum degasser: A vacuum degasser is typically used to remove gas entrained in the drilling fluid; technically, it does not fall under the scope of solids control. However, because gas influx can significantly impair the drilling fluid’s density, viscosity, and relative density, degassing equipment is generally employed in practice.

　　 Oil Drilling Solid Control Equipment The solids-control system is equipment and software designed to treat and recover drilling fluid (mud) returning from the wellhead to the surface. This system effectively separates large drill cuttings, barite powder, and other coarse solid particles from the returning mud, allowing the treated drilling fluid to be reused multiple times. In doing so, it reduces drilling costs and contributes to environmental protection.

　　The water-jet mud-mixing unit, also known as a mud-mixing hopper, is used to augment and increase the total output of drilling fluid while adjusting its relative density, viscosity, and water content. This equipment is designed for use in conjunction with oil-drilling solids-control systems and can meet the requirements for thickening and preparing drilling fluids in solids-control systems for wells ranging from 1,500 to 6,000 meters in depth.

　　1. Select appropriate full-featured water-jet mixing equipment for drilling fluids. In general, a single hopper is sufficient for most drilling rigs. However, if the drilling fluid circulation system has a flow rate exceeding 120 gal/min, a hopper with a capacity of 1,200 gal/min should be considered. Typically, adding chemicals at a rate higher than this does not significantly increase the mixing speed. For most operations, a flow rate of 600–800 gal/min is adequate. When paired with a shear pump, the performance is particularly outstanding. This equipment is generally manufactured in a single-control configuration; when the volume of mud being processed exceeds the design capacity, it can be configured as a dual-unit water-jet mixing system.

　　⒉ Maintain the shortest possible straight-line distance between the pipeline and the funnel. Select the pump and motor based on the required suction lift and flow rate. In most applications, a Venturi nozzle is highly beneficial, particularly when system backpressure would otherwise reduce the efficiency of the drilling-fluid funnel. The Venturi nozzle allows the fluid to move vertically to a higher elevation at the funnel. In most cases, the funnel is positioned vertically, while the downstream pipeline is installed at or above the top level of the drilling-fluid tank.